Short answers, pulled from the story.
Thomas Bartholin published the first full description of the human lymphatic system in December 1652. He also provided the first scientific written account of refrigeration anaesthesia and described Bartholin-Patau syndrome, a congenital syndrome caused by trisomy 13, in 1656.
Olof Rudbeck disputed priority with Bartholin over the discovery of the human lymphatic system. Rudbeck had presented his findings at the court of Queen Christina of Sweden in April-May 1652, before Bartholin published, but did not write up his results until 1653, after Bartholin's December 1652 publication.
Twelve members of the Bartholin family became professors at the University of Copenhagen. Over a span of 125 years, members of the family served on its medical faculty and won international acclaim for their scientific contributions.
Thomas Bartholin credited the Italian surgeon Marco Aurelio Severino of Naples with inventing refrigeration anaesthesia. Bartholin identified Severino as the first to present the use of freezing mixtures of snow and ice in 1646, and Bartholin learned the technique directly from him during a visit to Naples.
Hagestedgård, the farm Thomas Bartholin bought in 1663, burned down in 1670, destroying his library and many manuscripts. King Christian V of Denmark responded by appointing Bartholin as royal physician with a substantial salary and freeing the farm from taxation as recompense.
Niels Stensen, also known as Steno, was described as Thomas Bartholin's most famous pupil. Stensen went on to make significant contributions to both anatomy and geology.