Short answers, pulled from the story.
The Last Ringbearer by Kirill Yeskov presents Mordor as an industrial hub of alchemists and poets rather than a land of fire. It depicts Orcs like Haladdin and Tzerlag as rational thinkers fighting against the ancient magic of the Elves.
Kirill Yeskov published this novel in 1999 while working as a paleontologist. A second edition appeared on the 5th of December 2011 after Yisroel Markov translated the work into English.
Gandalf views the technological advancement of Mordor as war-mongering because it challenges ancient magic. He casts spells to turn users of palantírs into stone and seeks to destroy the heart of this new civilization.
Dropping a palantír into Orodruin destroys the magic of the Elves and severs the link between the physical world and the magical realm. This action transmits the Eternal Fire to other palantírs and the Mirror to ensure the destruction of Elven magic.
Haladdin and Tzerlag serve as medics for the Mordorian army despite being Orcs who function as humans. They represent rational thinkers whose university education remains unused while they fight in the ruins of a battlefield.