Short answers, pulled from the story.
Jacob Burckhardt published The Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy in 1860. The original German text appeared under the title Die Geschichte der Renaissance in Italien that same year.
The book contains six parts including The State as a Work of Art, The Development of the Individual, The Revival of Antiquity, The Discovery of the World and of Man, Society and Festivals, and Morality and Religion. These sections form the backbone of his argument about Italian society during the Renaissance without following a strict timeline.
S.G.C. Middlemore produced an English translation of The Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy in two volumes published in London 1878. A Penguin Classics edition later released the work again in 1990 to keep the text available for contemporary students and researchers.
Historians including Desmond Seward and art historian Kenneth Clark have considered Burckhardt's scholarly judgements largely justified by subsequent research. Later scholars such as Hans Baron, Wallace K. Ferguson, Roberta Garner, and Denys Hay continued to analyze and validate the core arguments of the work.
Jacob Burckhardt defines Kultur as the whole picture comprising politics, manners, religion, pictures, buildings, social habits, and literature. He viewed these elements as concrete expressions of the character that animated the particular activities of a people in a given epoch rather than merely listing events or dates.