Short answers, pulled from the story.
The Hebrew Bible states that King Solomon's building project for the First Temple in Jerusalem was completed by 957 BCE. This structure replaced the portable Tabernacle used during the Exodus under Moses and served as the sole place for Israelite sacrifices and worship.
Cyrus the Great ordered the rebuilding of the Second Temple in Jerusalem in 538 BCE. Construction work officially started in April 536 BCE according to some calculations, and Ezra 3:8, 10 dates the completion to the 21st of February 515 BCE.
Scholars debate three main theories about the exact location of the Holy of Holies within the temple complex. Professor Asher Kaufman places the temple north of the Dome of the Rock while Chapter 54 of Tractate Yoma asserts the Holy of Holies stood directly on the Foundation Stone beneath the Dome of the Rock today.
Tisha B'Av marks the primary day of mourning for the destruction of the Second Temple in Jerusalem. Three minor fasts also commemorate related historical tragedies, and Jewish fast days mourn the destruction of the Temple through daily prayers including petitions to rebuild the house soon.
Roman forces destroyed this version of the Second Temple during the siege of 70 CE. Herod the Great had renovated and expanded the structure around 20 BCE before its final destruction by these Roman forces.