Short answers, pulled from the story.
Star Wars clones bypass somatic cell nuclear transfer by using machinery that processes human DNA directly to produce thousands of subjects. These fictional clones undergo genetic alteration during their pre-birth phase with accelerated growth hormones and restricted independence.
Bacta tanks cause mutilated flesh to regenerate through submersion in a blue-hued chemical compound mimicking bodily fluids. Prosthetic limbs like the DEKA Arm System offer near-absolute resemblance to natural ones while cybernetics replace organic body parts at deeper levels than standard prosthetics.
Fusion reactors powered by fictional hypermatter fuel remain the most common energy source for large structures within Star Wars spacecraft. Solar power generates energy mainly used by Imperial TIE fighters featuring hexagonal wings with six trapezoidal solar arrays collecting stellar energy.
Particle shields repel solid objects like space debris or high-velocity projectiles while ray shields repel radiation lasers blasters and energy-based attacks. Physics students at University of Leicester developed plasma-based deflector shield module inspired by Star Wars in 2014 though field poses issues requiring much stronger force to hold plasma position.
Navigational computers form key parts many Star Wars spacecraft storing vast libraries astrogation knowledge working ships sensors hyperdrive plotting safe courses real-space hyperspace. Holocrons store vital sensitive knowledge concerning Force resembling evenly-proportioned polyhedra typically storing information holographic lessons permitting access Force-sensitive requiring separate memory crystal activating security.