Short answers, pulled from the story.
Tajikistan declared its independence on the 9th of September 1991 after the collapse of the Soviet Union. The nation had been established as the Tajik Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic in 1924 and elevated to a full union republic in 1929.
The civil war erupted due to clan loyalties dividing regional groups such as those from Gharm, Gorno-Badakhshan, Khujand, and Kulob regions. Liberal democratic reformers and Islamists formed the United Tajik Opposition against the government led by President Rahmon Nabiyev, resulting in over 100,000 deaths and more than 500,000 refugees fleeing persecution.
Emomali Rahmon came to power in 1992 after President Rahmon Nabiyev resigned at gunpoint on the 7th of September 1992. He subsequently won presidential elections in November 1992 with 58% of the vote, re-elected in 1999 with 98%, and again in 2006 with 79%.
The highest peak Ismoil Somoni Peak stands at 7,495 meters on the north-western edge of Gorno-Badakhshan south of the Kyrgyz border. Other significant peaks include Ibn Sina Peak at 7,134 meters and Peak Korzhenevskaya at 7,105 meters.
The primary sources of income are aluminum production, cotton growing, and remittances from migrant workers. Cotton accounts for 60% of agricultural output while the state-owned Tajik Aluminum Company operates the TadAZ smelting plant as the country's chief industrial asset.