Short answers, pulled from the story.
Taito Corporation was founded by Ukrainian Jewish businessman Michael Kogan. The Taito Trading Company was formally established on the 24th of August, 1953, in Japan, replacing Kogan's earlier failed clothing distributor, Taito Yoko.
The name Taito is written in kanji as 太東. The character 太 is drawn from 猶太, the word for "Judea," and 東 means "East," together alluding to founder Michael Kogan's identity as a Jew living in the Far East diaspora.
Space Invaders was created by Tomohiro Nishikado and released by Taito in 1978. Nishikado was a Tokyo Denki University engineering graduate who had joined Taito in 1968 and was the company's only employee with significant expertise in integrated circuit technology.
Square Enix announced the acquisition of Taito in August 2005, purchasing 247,900 shares valued at 45.16 billion yen, equivalent to approximately 409.1 million US dollars. By the 28th of September, 2005, Square Enix owned 93.7% of all Taito shares.
Taito's first video game was Elepong, a ping-pong arcade cabinet released in Japan in 1973. That same year, engineer Tomohiro Nishikado also developed the sports games Soccer and Davis Cup, both released in November 1973.
Before entering video games, Taito operated as Japan's first vodka distillery, imported peanut vending machines and perfume machines, and became one of Japan's leading jukebox companies by distributing AMI and Seeburg jukeboxes. The company had sold over 1,500 jukeboxes by 1960.