Short answers, pulled from the story.
The Tabula Peutingeriana is an illustrated Roman road map showing the cursus publicus, the state-run road network of the Roman Empire. The scroll measures 6.75 metres long and 0.35 metres high, assembled from eleven sections, and marks at least 555 cities and more than 3,500 other place names across Europe, North Africa, and parts of Asia.
The surviving parchment copy dates from around 1200, but it reproduces a much older original. One hypothesis links it to a world map prepared under Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa during the reign of Augustus (27 BC - AD 14), while evidence within the map, including the presence of Constantinople (founded 328) and Ravenna as an imperial seat (402-476), points to a revision in the 4th or 5th century.
Konrad Peutinger was a German humanist and antiquarian based in Augsburg. The map was bequeathed to him in 1508 by scholar Conrad Celtes, who had discovered it in a library in Worms in 1494. Peutinger published a version in 1507, and the map took his name, though several scholars argue that Celtes obtained it by theft.
The map has been held at the Austrian National Library at the Hofburg palace in Vienna since 1738. Because of its fragility, it is not on public display. It was shown to the public for a single day on the 26th of November 2007, when UNESCO added it to its Memory of the World International Register.
Several scholars believe it was. Emily Albu and others have argued that Conrad Celtes took it as part of a scheme involving Celtes, Konrad Peutinger, and Emperor Maximilian I to acquire artifacts linking the Holy Roman Empire to ancient Rome. The theologian Johann Eck was among the first to accuse Celtes of theft, and historian Unger has written that using the name Peutinger honors the pilfering.
The map covers Europe (excluding the Iberian Peninsula and the British Isles, whose section is lost), North Africa, the Middle East, Persia, the Indian subcontinent, Sri Lanka (labeled Insula Taprobane), and includes a reference to China. A twelfth section covering the missing western regions was reconstructed by Konrad Miller in 1898.