Short answers, pulled from the story.
The name Szeged first appeared in a document from 1183 issued by King Béla III. This medieval record marks the earliest written mention of the settlement that would become Hungary's third largest city.
King Sigismund of Luxembourg ordered a defensive wall built around the town during the fourteenth century. This fortification grew more critical as the Ottoman military frontier advanced closer to Hungary.
A catastrophic flood wiped away almost the entire city in 1879 and left only 265 of the 5,723 houses standing after the waters receded. One hundred sixty-five people died during the disaster while Emperor Franz Joseph visited the ruins and promised that Szeged would be more beautiful than it used to be.
The Nazis murdered most of the 8,500 Jews who had been gathered there when the ghetto was liquidated in June 1944. Six thousand inhabitants of the city were killed during World War II and Soviet troops captured Szeged on the 11th of October 1944 during the Battle of Debrecen.
Scientists at this laboratory became the first in the world to produce artificial heredity material in the year 2000. The ELI Attosecond Light Pulse Source opened in Szeged in 2018 to support different kinds of physical experiments especially in the field of attosecond physics.