Short answers, pulled from the story.
The superpower concept originated in oral tradition, long before the invention of written language. Ancient mythological heroes and demigods such as Hercules, Beowulf, Jason, and Achilles embodied superhuman abilities across cultures worldwide. The concept reached its modern form in American comics and pulp fiction of the 1930s and 1940s.
There is no rigid definition of a superpower. The general idea is that superpowers describe capabilities in fiction that exceed the limits of normal beings or are paranormal to some degree. The concept includes both overtly supernatural abilities and natural human skills, such as advanced intelligence or weapon proficiency, pushed to their absolute peak.
Batman and Iron Man have no actual superhuman abilities beyond exceptional talent and advanced technology. Despite this, they may still be classified as superheroes because their capabilities are considered far superior to those of the average individual and comparable to characters with explicitly supernatural powers.
Superpowers are especially prominent in the shonen genre of manga and anime. Series including Dragon Ball, Fullmetal Alchemist, One Piece, Bleach, Naruto, My Hero Academia, Hunter x Hunter, Attack on Titan, and Fairy Tail each feature distinct systems of superhuman abilities.
Tokusatsu is a form of Japanese television characterized by heavy use of special effects, with superpowers built into its structure. The franchise Super Sentai, known internationally as Power Rangers, and its counterpart Kamen Rider are among the most prominent examples of the genre.
Series such as Heroes, Misfits, and Henry Danger are original to television and use superpowers to heighten the conflicts of otherwise ordinary characters. Unlike comic book adaptations, these shows do not rely heavily on other superheroic tropes such as codenames or costumes.