Short answers, pulled from the story.
Suleiman the Magnificent was the Ottoman sultan from 1520 to 1566, the longest reign of any Ottoman sultan. He succeeded his father Selim I on the 30th of September 1520 and ruled an empire of at least 25 million subjects.
Suleiman was called Kanuni, the Lawgiver, by his own subjects for reforming the Ottoman legal system. He gathered the judgments of the nine sultans before him into a single code, the kanun-i Osmani, working with his Grand Mufti Ebussuud Efendi, and that code lasted more than three hundred years.
Suleiman captured Belgrade in 1521 and Rhodes in 1522, and defeated Louis II of Hungary at the Battle of Mohács on the 29th of August 1526. He also annexed Iraq, took Aden and Yemen, and captured Tripoli in 1551.
Suleiman's 1529 siege of Vienna was repelled by a reinforced garrison of 16,000 men, his first defeat. A second attempt in 1532 stalled at the siege of Güns, and both campaigns were hampered by bad weather and overstretched supply lines that forced his army to abandon siege equipment.
Hürrem Sultan, known in the West as Roxelana, was a slave from Ruthenia whom Suleiman married in 1534, breaking Ottoman tradition. As the first Haseki sultan, she took part directly in state affairs, signing documents, attending council meetings, and corresponding with foreign rulers, helping open the era known as the Sultanate of Women.
Suleiman died on the 6th of September 1566 in his tent during the siege of Szigetvár in Hungary, at the age of 71, one day before the city fell. His death was kept secret for 48 days, and he was succeeded by his son Selim II.
Under Suleiman the Ottoman Empire entered a golden age, with his chief architect Mimar Sinan crediting himself with over 300 buildings, including the Süleymaniye Mosque complex finished in 1557. Suleiman himself wrote poetry under the pen name Muhibbi and is credited with the large-scale cultivation of the tulip.