Short answers, pulled from the story.
The Sudanese civil war began on the 15th of April 2023 when Rapid Support Forces attacked Sudanese Armed Forces bases across Khartoum and its airport. This conflict started between two factions of the country's military government following tensions that had been building since the October 2021 coup.
General Hemedti leads the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces which opposed the internationally recognized government controlled by General Abdel Fattah al-Burhan. The dispute centered on integrating the RSF into the regular army with conflicting ten-year versus two-year timetables for integration.
In October 2025 the city of El Fasher fell giving the RSF control over the SAF's last stronghold in Darfur. A genocidal massacre is currently taking place within the city beginning on October 26th with 60,000 dead according to estimates placing total deaths between 60,000 and 68,000+ as of December 2025.
Sixty-one thousand people have died in Khartoum State alone of which 26,000 were a direct result of the violence. The death toll includes fatalities from violence starvation and disease with thousands remaining missing or killed in targeted massacres primarily attributed to the RSF and allied militias.
Recently manufactured weapons are being imported into Sudan from China Russia Turkey Yemen the UAE and Serbia according to an Amnesty International briefing from June 2024. Both sides use Chinese-manufactured advanced drone jammers mortars and anti-material rifles while the RSF uses armoured personnel carriers from the UAE.