Short answers, pulled from the story.
The Submission of the Clergy was the process by which the Catholic Church in England gave up its authority to make church laws without the King's licence and assent. It was first passed by the Convocation of Canterbury on the 16th of May 1532 and then confirmed by Parliament in 1534.
Henry VIII's three articles required the Church of England to renounce its power to make canons without royal licence, to submit all existing canons to a joint clergy-Parliament review committee, and to retain only those canons approved by the King. Edward Foxe, the Bishop of Hereford, presented them to the Convocation on the 10th of May 1532.
John Clerk, the Bishop of Bath and Wells, was strongly opposed in the Upper House of the Convocation. John Fisher, the Bishop of Rochester, was absent but was consulted by delegation and almost certainly counselled firm resistance. Among the inferior clergy, eighteen voted against renouncing legislative authority.
In a speech on the 11th of May 1532, recorded by the chronicler Edward Hall, Henry VIII declared that every prelate at their consecration swore an oath to the Pope that was directly contrary to the oath they swore to the King. He handed copies of both oaths to Parliament and demanded a remedy.
Parliament confirmed the Submission in 1534 through the Act for the Submission of the Clergy and Restraint of Appeals (25 Hen. 8 c. 19). Stanford Lehmberg has argued the push for parliamentary legislation may have come from the Commons rather than from Thomas Cromwell.
Parliament was asked to re-enact the Submission of the Clergy in 1536, but the reasoning behind that decision is not known. The 1534 act did not include an expiration date, making the second re-enactment historically unexplained.