Short answers, pulled from the story.
Karl Benz developed the automobile in the Stuttgart area, and Gottlieb Daimler and Wilhelm Maybach industrialised it in a workshop in Bad Cannstatt that became Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft in 1887. Both Mercedes-Benz and Porsche are headquartered in Stuttgart today, along with automotive suppliers Bosch and Mahle.
Stuttgart was founded in AD 950 by Duke Liudolf of Swabia, son of Holy Roman Emperor Otto I, as a stud farm for breeding warhorses. The settlement's name derives from the Old High German Stuotgarten, meaning stud farm. The town was granted formal city status in 1320.
Stuttgart suffered 53 Allied bombing raids, the heaviest on the 12th of September 1944, when the Royal Air Force dropped over 184,000 bombs and killed 957 people in a firestorm. By the end of the war, 57.7% of all buildings were destroyed and 4,477 inhabitants were killed. More than 2,000 Jews from Württemberg were deported to Theresienstadt, Auschwitz, and ghettos at Riga and Izbica; only 180 of those held in internment survived.
The Stuttgart Crisis arose when French forces under General de Lattre, acting on orders from Charles de Gaulle, captured Stuttgart on the 21st of April 1945 ahead of the US forces assigned to the city. French troops forcibly quartered in remaining housing and at least 1,389 rapes of civilians were recorded. President Harry S. Truman could not compel de Gaulle to withdraw until occupation zone boundaries were fixed; French forces finally left on the 8th of July 1945.
Stammheim Prison in Stuttgart's Stammheim district held Ulrike Meinhof, Andreas Baader, Gudrun Ensslin, and Jan-Carl Raspe during their trial at the Oberlandesgericht Stuttgart beginning in 1975. After failed rescue attempts during the German Autumn of 1977, including the hijacking of Lufthansa Flight 181 and the murder of Hanns-Martin Schleyer, the prisoners killed themselves in April 1977 in what is remembered as the Todesnacht von Stammheim.
As of 2022-47% of Stuttgart's population is of foreign background, compared with 28.7% for Germany as a whole. The largest groups of foreign nationals in 2018 were Turks at 17,900, Croats at 15,268, Italians at 14,021, and Greeks at 13,757. Forty percent of all residents and 64% of residents under age five are of immigrant background.