Short answers, pulled from the story.
Pierre Bourdieu published the book An Outline of the Theory of Practice in 1972. This work introduced the concept of habitus to explain how social structures become internalized within the individual psyche.
The debate over whether society or the individual holds primary power began in earnest during the late nineteenth century with the work of Émile Durkheim. Durkheim posited that social facts exist independently of the individual and exert a coercive power over human behavior.
Anthony Giddens developed structuration theory in his 1984 work The Constitution of Society. He argued that the dualism between structure and agency is a pseudo-problem and proposed the concept of the duality of structure.
A major difference between Giddens' structuration theory and Roy Bhaskar's transformational model is that the latter includes a temporal element. This model acknowledges that social structures and agency interact differently across time.
European theorists such as Pierre Bourdieu and Anthony Giddens focused on the dialectical relationship between the two concepts. In contrast, American theorists like James Coleman focused on the integration between macrosociological and microsociological perspectives.