Short answers, pulled from the story.
The Ministry of War directed the Eighth Army to form Sturmabteilung Calsow in March 1915. Major Calsow led this experimental pioneer assault unit with two pioneer companies and a battery of 37mm guns.
Hauptmann Willy Rohr took command on the 8th of September 1915 and reorganized the force. He added a machine gun platoon and a flamethrower platoon while discarding most body armor to prioritize speed over steel plates.
Operation Michael launched on the 21st of March 1918 represented Germany's largest offensive using these tactics. Four successive offensives broke four years of trench stalemate before July despite heavy casualties and exhausted leading units.
Trench knives, clubs, and shorter bayonet models replaced impractical épée-style Seitengewehr 98 blades. Extended drum magazines increased close-range firepower for 9mm Lange Pistole 08 pistols alongside light machine guns in combined arms attacks.
Ottoman storm battalions trained in Ukraine received German instruction on flamethrower usage before establishing Constantinople Assault Battalion on the 1st of July 1917. Steel helmets arrived without visors or neck-guards to improve auditory awareness among Turkish recruits.