Short answers, pulled from the story.
The International Olympic Committee serves as the organizer of the modern Olympic Games. It stands as an example of a body covering multiple sports at an internationally acceptable level alongside the International Paralympic Committee.
About 30 international sport federations are located in Switzerland today. Roughly 20 of them sit in the Lausanne area near the International Olympic Committee headquarters.
The legislative body often goes by the name congress or general assembly and defines the sports policies for the entire federation. This group consists of all national federations, each receiving one vote regardless of size.
A 2014 study by the Institute for Human Rights and Business criticized major international sports governing bodies. The report targeted the International Olympic Committee and FIFA specifically regarding human rights violations.
A national governing body can differ from a national federation due to specific government recognition requirements. Some bodies act as supraorganizations representing unrelated organizations operating in a particular sport like the Northern Ireland Federation of Sub-Aqua Clubs.