Short answers, pulled from the story.
The Spanish Renaissance began in 1492 when the Catholic Monarchs completed the Reconquista and printing presses arrived on the Iberian Peninsula. This political unification coincided with the start of literary exchange between Italy and Spain during the second half of the fifteenth century.
Antonio de Nebrija published his Gramática Castellana in 1492, which was the first grammar produced by any Romance language. At this time Castilian became the official language of Spain replacing Latin.
The poetry of this period divides into the Salmantine School represented by Fray Luis de León and the Sevillian school including Fernando de Herrera. The Salmantine group preferred realistic themes and short verse forms while the Sevillian school focused on meditation using long complex verses filled with adjectives.
Alonso de Ercilla wrote La Araucana an epic poem about the Spanish Conquest of Chile that was considered the national epic of the Captaincy General of Chile. He distinguished himself in the campaign against the Araucanians before being exiled to Peru and returning to Spain in 1562.
Religious prose had its greater boom in Spain during the reign of Felipe II from 1557 to 1597. This genre's importance resulted from the religiosity of the monarch and the spirit of the Counterreformation which contributed to didactic literature including Apologetics and Mystic contemplation methods.