Short answers, pulled from the story.
The first human-made object to enter outer space was the German V-2 rocket test launch known as MW 18014 on the 20th of June 1944. This rocket reached an altitude of 176 kilometers and crossed the Kármán line at the Peenemünde Army Research Center.
Yuri Gagarin became the first human to travel into space on the 12th of April 1961 aboard the Vostok 1 spacecraft. The Russian cosmonaut completed one orbit around the globe in about 1 hour and 48 minutes.
Neptune has the fastest winds of any planet in the Solar System with speeds measured as high as 2,100 km/h. Voyager 2 visited Neptune on the 25th of August 1989 and discovered this feature along with a conspicuous anticyclone storm system.
Valentina Tereshkova became the first woman to go to space in 1963. She flew before the 1980s when another woman entered space again after rules changed regarding military test pilot requirements.
The longest human occupation of space is the International Space Station which has been in continuous use since the year 2000. Valeri Polyakov holds the record for the longest single spaceflight of almost 438 days aboard the Mir space station.
The first woman to go to the Moon is planned for 2026 as part of the Artemis program. This mission aims to land the first woman and the next man on the Moon specifically at the lunar south pole region.