Short answers, pulled from the story.
The South Caucasus stretches from the Black Sea in the west to the Caspian Sea coast of Iran in the east. This region spans the southern portion of the Caucasus Mountains and their lowlands, straddling the border between Europe and Asia.
The Russian Empire conquered most of the South Caucasus after two wars in the first half of the 19th century, specifically the Russo-Persian War from 1804 to 1813 and the Russo-Persian War from 1826 to 1828. By the Treaty of Turkmenchay that followed the later war, Iran lost all of what is modern-day Armenia and the remainder of the contemporary Azerbaijani Republic.
The South Caucasus region was unified into a single political entity twice following the fall of the Russian Empire in 1918. It existed as the Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic from the 9th of April 1918 to the 26th of May 1918 and appeared as the Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic from the 12th of March 1922 to the 5th of December 1936.
On the 8th of November 2023, the European Commission issued an official recommendation to grant EU candidate status to Georgia. This was confirmed on the 14th of December 2023, making Georgia the first country in the South Caucasus to receive such status.
The earliest winery, dated to 4000 BC, was found in Armenia. Archaeological excavations and carbon dating of grape seeds from the area have dated back to 8000, 5000 BC, suggesting the South Caucasus may be the birthplace of wine production.