Short answers, pulled from the story.
Ray Charles released the single I Got a Woman in 1954. This recording combined blues rhythm and blues and gospel styles to create what would become known as soul music.
The phrase soul music itself first appeared in print in 1961. Musicians had used the term soul among themselves for years prior to this public appearance.
Ahmet Ertegun founded Atlantic Records in 1947 with friend Herb Abramson after his father died leaving him unable to pursue diplomatic career. Solomon Burke recorded for Atlantic Records in the early 1960s creating classics like Cry to Me and Just Out of Reach while Aretha Franklin revitalized her career through Atlantic Records.
United States saw development of neo-soul around 1994 blending 1970s soul-style vocals instrumentation contemporary R&B sounds hip-hop beats and poetic interludes. The term was coined early in the 1990s by producer and record label executive Kedar Massenburg.
Northern soul music dance movement emerged late in the 1960s out of British mod subculture in Northern England and English Midlands. This style featured heavy beat fast tempo and rare soul records played by DJs in nightclubs as popularized by journalist Dave Godin.