Short answers, pulled from the story.
Columbia Pictures Home Entertainment was established in June 1978 to manage home video releases. The division released its first batch of twenty titles in November 1979 through an agreement with Time-Life Video.
NBC filed a lawsuit against Columbia and Sony over their joint pact regarding foreign video rights to Orion Pictures in March 1990. General Electric announced it was divesting its interest in the RCA/Columbia partnership later that year, and the deal closed in August 1991 ending the litigation.
Sony acquired Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer along with four partners from Kirk Kerkorian in 2005 holding domestic home entertainment rights to MGM's library of 4,000 films and 10,400 television episodes. Sales failed to meet projections due to a cooling DVD market which contributed to MGM splitting off from Sony Pictures control on the 31st of May 2006.
Studio Distribution Services is a joint venture between Universal Pictures Home Entertainment and Warner Bros. Discovery Home Entertainment that entered into a distribution deal with SPHE on the 24th of June 2024. This arrangement allows SDS to handle physical distribution for titles from Sony Pictures, Disney, Lionsgate, and The Criterion Collection through existing deals.
The company operates several specialized domestic labels including Magic Window which handles children's titles like He-Man and the Masters of the Universe. SVS-Triumph released low-profile films while Musicvision served as a short-lived music video division in the mid-1980s releasing artists linked to RCA Records.