Short answers, pulled from the story.
Emmanuel-Joseph Sieyès coined the word sociology in 1780 within an unpublished manuscript. The term combines the Latin socius meaning companion or fellowship with the Greek suffix -logy denoting the study of knowledge.
Albion Small established the first formal Department of Sociology in the world at the University of Chicago in 1892. William Rainey Harper invited Small to create this department which marked the formal institutionalization of the discipline.
The four main traditions are functionalism, conflict theory, symbolic interactionism, and utilitarianism. Functionalism views norms as organs working for society while conflict theory emphasizes inequality and symbolic interactionism focuses on subjective meanings.
The American Sociological Association was created in 1905 to serve as a central hub for sociological research and graduate study. It followed the founding of the American Journal of Sociology in 1895 by Albion Small.
Durkheim's monograph Suicide published in 1897 is considered a seminal work in statistical analysis. It demonstrated that suicide rates varied between Catholic and Protestant populations due to social causes rather than individual psychology.