Short answers, pulled from the story.
Pierre Leroux first used the term socialism in the Parisian journal Le Globe in 1832. This French philosopher introduced a concept that would eventually challenge the very foundation of global economics.
Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels published The Communist Manifesto in 1848. This publication occurred just before the Revolutions of 1848 swept across Europe and fundamentally altered the trajectory of socialist thought.
Yugoslavia implemented a market socialist economy based on cooperatives and worker self-management after reforms in 1953. This system substituted Soviet-type central planning with a decentralized, self-managed system.
The Nordic nations and especially Sweden embraced democratic socialism between around 1970 and 1990. This model combines private ownership of some means of production with governmental distribution of essential goods and services.
The Workers Party in Brazil launched the São Paulo Forum in 1990 to link left-wing socialist parties. This movement included member parties ruling countries such as Argentina, Ecuador, El Salvador, Peru, and Venezuela.