Short answers, pulled from the story.
Pierre Leroux claimed he first used the term socialism in a Parisian journal during 1832. The word finds its root in the Latin term socialis, which means to combine or to share.
Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels published The Communist Manifesto between 1847 and 1848 just before the Revolutions of 1848 swept Europe. They expressed what they termed scientific socialism in that document.
The Soviet Union became the world's first nominally socialist state following the Bolshevik-led revolution in Russia. The dissolution of the Soviet Union occurred in 1991 after seeing the end of communism marked by Revolutions across Eastern Europe in 1989.
The Australian Labor Party formed the first socialist government in the world during December 1899 when elected into power in Queensland. Premier Anderson Dawson led this administration for one week.
The São Paulo Forum launched in 1990 linked left-wing socialist parties across Latin America. Member parties ruling countries included the Front for Victory in Argentina and the United Socialist Party of Venezuela led by Hugo Chávez.