Short answers, pulled from the story.
The Slovak National Uprising officially began on the 29th of August 1944 when Military Headquarters in Banská Bystrica instructed all garrisons to fight back. This event followed a premature escalation triggered by an incident in Martin on the 27th of August 1944.
Lieutenant Colonel Ján Golian played a central role in organizing the military resistance within the Slovak army after being transferred to Banská Bystrica in January 1944 as Chief of Staff. He formed a conspiratorial network among garrison officers and established a Military Headquarters under his command.
Two main lines of political resistance developed in Slovakia: one communist led by Gustáv Husák and one non-communist loyal to Edvard Beneš. These groups united through the Christmas Agreement reached in December 1943 to form the Slovak National Council.
Initial fighting saw insurgents control over half of Slovakia's territory with 1.7 million people living within their borders. By late September, this area had shrunk to just 6,800 km² with only 340,000 inhabitants remaining under insurgent control.
More than 14,000 Jews were deported or murdered on Slovak territory by the end of the war while around 30,000 total Slovak citizens were sent to German prison labor internment and concentration camps. The German leadership exploited the rebellion as an opportunity to complete extermination campaigns targeting Jewish populations across Slovakia.