Short answers, pulled from the story.
The Slovak National Uprising began on the 29th of August 1944, when the military headquarters in Banská Bystrica ordered Slovak garrisons across the country to resist the invading German military. This came just 45 minutes after Defence Minister Ferdinand Čatloš had broadcast the opposite order on Tiso's instructions.
Lieutenant Colonel Ján Golian commanded the 1st Czechoslovak Army in Slovakia from Banská Bystrica for the uprising's first 40 days. On the 7th of October 1944 he handed command to Division General Rudolf Viest, newly arrived from London, and became his deputy.
The town of Banská Bystrica in central Slovakia served as the uprising's military headquarters and seat of government for sixty days. German forces under Kampfgruppe Schill captured it on the 27th of October 1944, ending the uprising's open resistance.
The Slovak resistance organised the uprising to fight both the German military invasion of Slovakia, which began on the 29th of August 1944, and the Slovak collaborationist regime led by Jozef Tiso. It was carried out by parts of the Slovak army under the Slovak National Council, a coalition of the civic Democratic Party and Slovak communists.
The uprising's organised, open phase ended on the 28th of October 1944 with the fall of Banská Bystrica, after which General Rudolf Viest ordered the insurgents to retreat into the mountains and continue as partisans. That partisan fighting persisted until the Red Army liberated Slovakia from Nazi control in April 1945.
Germany used the suppression of the Slovak National Uprising as an opportunity to complete the extermination of Slovakia's Jewish population. This resulted in more than 14,000 Jews being deported or murdered on Slovak territory by the end of the war, in addition to the roughly 58,000 Jews already deported in 1942.