When was the oldest known skin fossil discovered?
Biologists announced the discovery of the oldest known skin fossil on the 11th of January 2024. This fossilized remnant dates back 289 million years and may belong to an ancient reptile.
Common questions about Skin
Short answers, pulled from the story.
What are the three critical functions of vertebrate skin?
Vertebrate skin performs three critical functions: protection, regulation, and sensation. It serves as the first line of defense against pathogens, excessive water loss, and physical trauma while maintaining complex internal balance.
How thick is the skin under the eyes compared to the skin on the palms?
The skin under the eyes is the thinnest at 0.5 millimeters while the skin on the palms and soles reaches 4 millimeters. This variation in thickness means the delicate skin under the eyes shows signs of aging first.
What chemical compounds do amphibian granular glands secrete?
Amphibian granular glands secrete irritating or toxic compounds that can be fatal to most vertebrates. These toxins serve as a potent deterrent against predators and highlight the dual nature of amphibian skin as both a barrier and a gateway.
Which proteins make up the hard protective scales and feathers of reptiles and birds?
Reptiles and birds utilize hard protective scales and feathers made of tough beta-keratins. These structures reduce water loss and provide armor while the skin also forms extraskeletal apparatus like horns and antlers.