Short answers, pulled from the story.
Stamford Raffles arrived on the island of Singapore on the 28th of January 1819. He recognized its potential as a natural choice for a new port and established a factory through a treaty signed with Sultan Hussein Shah and Temenggong Abdul Rahman.
Singapore gained sudden independence on the 7th of August 1965 when a separation agreement was signed. The Malaysian Parliament voted 126 to 0 to pass a constitutional amendment bill, thereby separating Singapore from Malaysia on the 9th of August 1965.
Lawrence Wong became Singapore's fourth prime minister on the 15th of May 2024. He is the first person born after independence to hold this office and led the People's Action Party to win 65.5% of the vote in the 2025 election.
Land reclamation projects have increased Singapore's land area from 581 square kilometers in the 1960s to 734 square kilometers by 2015. This represents an increase of some 22 percent over that period.
The occupation ended when Japan surrendered to the Allies on the 15th of August 1945. Lord Louis Mountbatten received the formal surrender of Japanese forces from General Seishirō Itagaki on the 12th of September 1945.