Short answers, pulled from the story.
Sigmund Freud was an Austrian neurologist and the founder of psychoanalysis, a clinical method for treating pathologies arising from conflicts in the psyche through dialogue between patient and psychoanalyst. He was born on the 6th of May 1856 in Freiberg, Moravia, and died on the 23rd of September 1939.
Psychoanalysis is the clinical method Freud created for evaluating and treating conflicts in the psyche through dialogue between patient and analyst. Its therapeutic techniques include free association, the interpretation of dreams, and the analysis of transference, and Freud began using the term by 1896.
The id, ego, and superego are the three parts of the psyche in Freud's model, which he fully elaborated in The Ego and the Id in 1923. The id operates on the pleasure principle and seeks immediate gratification, the superego is the moral component, and the ego balances between them. Freud took the term id, das Es, from the writings of Georg Groddeck.
Freud was an early proponent of cocaine and praised its virtues in his 1884 paper "On Coca," recommending it as a stimulant, an antidepressant, and a cure for morphine addiction. After reports of addiction and overdose tarnished his reputation, he stopped recommending it publicly but continued using it himself until 1896.
Freud left Vienna on the Orient Express on the 4th of June 1938 after the Anschluss and the Gestapo's interrogation of his daughter Anna. Ernest Jones secured immigration permits in Britain, the Nazi commissar Anton Sauerwald hid evidence of Freud's bank accounts, and Princess Marie Bonaparte provided the funds needed for the exit visas.
Freud died on the 23rd of September 1939 in London of jaw cancer that had been declared inoperable. His doctor Max Schur administered doses of morphine after Freud reminded him of their contract not to prolong his suffering, and three days later his body was cremated at Golders Green Crematorium.
Alfred Adler's views on neurosis diverged from Freud's and he resigned as society president in February 1911 before leaving to form his own organization. Carl Jung's 1912 work showed his ideas had taken a different direction, and he resigned as president of the International Psychoanalytical Association in April 1914.