Short answers, pulled from the story.
Scholars suggest the name derives from the biblical figure Shalah, grandson of Shem and father of Eber. Other experts argue the name echoes common sixteenth-century English usage where men named Shylock worked as goldsmiths, mercers, and scriveners.
Jews had been expelled by Edward I in 1290 through the Edict of Expulsion. That ban remained in place until the mid-17th century under Oliver Cromwell.
Portia rules that Shylock must take exactly one pound of flesh but cannot shed any blood. Since taking flesh inevitably causes bleeding, Shylock loses his case and must surrender half his wealth to the state and the other half to Antonio.
Edmund Kean began performing Shylock in 1814 at the Theatre Royal in London. His portrayal marked a dramatic shift from previous interpretations of the character.
Shylock is forced to convert to Christianity immediately or face execution. He exits the stage citing illness while the Christian characters celebrate their victory.