Short answers, pulled from the story.
Arthur Conan Doyle first introduced Sherlock Holmes to the world in 1887 with A Study in Scarlet. The character emerged from a specific moment of inspiration when Doyle worked as a clerk for Joseph Bell, a surgeon at the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh in 1877.
Sherlock Holmes resided at 221B Baker Street, London, sharing quarters with Dr. John H. Watson after financial difficulties forced them together in A Study in Scarlet. Their landlady, Mrs. Hudson, maintained the residence while they worked as consulting detectives for twenty-three years.
In 1893, Conan Doyle killed off Sherlock Holmes in The Final Problem, set in 1891 during a final battle with Professor James Moriarty at Reichenbach Falls. Holmes faked his death to fool his enemies, explaining this deception to Watson in The Adventure of the Empty House published in 1903, creating a period known as the Great Hiatus between 1891 and 1894.
By 1993, over 25,000 stage adaptations, films, television productions, and publications had featured Sherlock Holmes. Guinness World Records listed him as the most portrayed human literary character in film and television history in 2012.
Arthur Conan Doyle died in 1930 after writing The Hound of the Baskervilles serialised 1901, 02 before resurrecting Holmes in 1903. Christopher Morley and William Baring-Gould argued Holmes was born on the 6th of January 1854, deriving the year from His Last Bow stating he was sixty years old in 1914.