Short answers, pulled from the story.
Sheikh Mujibur Rahman was the founding president of Bangladesh, born on the 17th of March 1920 in Tungipara, Gopalganj. He led the movement for Bengali autonomy against Pakistani rule and is credited with leading Bangladesh to independence in 1971. He is honoured with the title Bangabandhu, meaning Friend of Bengal, and was voted the Greatest Bengali of All Time in a 2004 BBC opinion poll.
On the 7th of March 1971, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman addressed a million-strong crowd at the Ramna Race Course in Dhaka and declared that the struggle was for liberation and independence. He stopped short of a formal declaration of independence but called on the people to turn every house into a fortress and announced that the Awami League would collect taxes and organise resistance. The speech is recognized by UNESCO and listed in the Memory of the World Register.
Sheikh Mujibur Rahman served a total of approximately 13 years in prison across the British Raj and Pakistani rule. Notable stretches included 1,153 consecutive days after Ayub Khan's 1958 coup, 1,021 days following his arrest in May 1966, and 288 days during the Bangladesh Liberation War while held in solitary confinement at Central Jail Mianwali in West Pakistan.
In 1966, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman presented a six-point plan at a national opposition conference in Lahore. The points called for restoring universal suffrage, devolving federal powers to the provinces, establishing separate fiscal and monetary policies for East and West Pakistan, and creating a separate security force for East Pakistan. The movement became the defining political turning point toward the eventual separation of East Pakistan as Bangladesh.
The Constitution Drafting Committee, led by lawyer Kamal Hossain, produced a draft that was adopted on the 4th of November 1972 and came into force on the 16th of December 1972. It made Bangladesh the first constitutionally secular state in South Asia. The constitution established a Westminster-style parliamentary republic and introduced a broad bill of rights including freedom of speech, the prohibition of torture, and safeguards during detention.
Sheikh Mujibur Rahman was assassinated on the 15th of August 1975 at his Dhanmondi 32 residence in Dhaka during a military coup. Most of his family members were also killed. The assassination occurred six months and twenty days after he had abolished democratic institutions and established himself as president under a one-party state in 1975.