Short answers, pulled from the story.
In 1987, the High Court of Australia ruled in Ibbs v The Queen that sexual assault is defined as sexual penetration without consent. This legal standard shifted how courts viewed the crime across multiple jurisdictions.
The U.S. Department of Justice National Crime Victimization Survey recorded 237,868 victims aged twelve or older each year between 1995 and 2013. A study from 2011 found that 19.3% of women experienced attempted or completed rape during their lifetime.
Rape increases an individual's risk of developing post-traumatic stress disorder by six times compared to non-victims. Those affected are thirteen times more likely to abuse alcohol and twenty-six times more likely to use drugs.
In Australia, New South Wales sets a maximum penalty of fourteen years imprisonment under section 61I of the Crimes Act 1900. Victoria allows up to twenty-five years under section 38 of its Crimes Act 1958.
At least one program for fraternity men produced sustained behavioral change according to published data. John Foubert wrote the Men's and Women's Programs, also known as One in Four, which increased empathy toward survivors and motivated bystander intervention.