Short answers, pulled from the story.
Francisco de Vitoria stood at the center of this resurgence within the Dominican order. He and his colleague Domingo de Soto redirected scholastic thought toward law, economy, and theology.
The golden age of second scholasticism lasted between the late 16th century and the first half of the 17th century. Philosophers writing in vernacular languages began challenging its dominance during this period.
Two distinct schools survived from earlier phases of scholasticism into the 16th century. Scotists mostly belonged to various branches of the Franciscan order while Thomists were usually but not exclusively represented by Iberians in the Dominican and Carmelite orders.
Ignatius Loyola established this new order which became a third school of second scholasticism. The movement defended Catholic tradition against challenges posed by the Protestant Reformation.
Reformers like John Calvin and Martin Luther utilized scholastic methods despite criticizing certain aspects of Aristotelian logic. They structured confessions of faith and catechisms using logical frameworks from the medieval tradition.