Short answers, pulled from the story.
European powers controlled only ten percent of the African continent in 1870, and that figure surged to nearly ninety percent by 1914. This rapid transformation transformed a vast interior into a patchwork of colonial empires.
The Berlin Conference took place in 1884 when German Chancellor Otto von Bismarck convened diplomats to regulate the division of Africa. The primary concern of the diplomats was the establishment of rules for competition among the great powers rather than the welfare of African peoples.
The colony imposed a terror system that resulted in the deaths of up to eight million of the estimated 16 million native inhabitants. Estimates for the death toll in the Congo Free State range from three million to eight million.
The Dervish Movement was led by the Muslim poet and militant leader Mohammed Abdullah Hassan from 1899 until 1920. The British finally defeated the Dervishes in 1920 as a direct consequence of their use of aircraft.
The Herero and Nama genocide occurred between 1904 and 1908 in German South West Africa and German East Africa. As many as 65,000 Herero and 10,000 Nama died from starvation, thirst, or being worked to death in camps such as Shark Island concentration camp.
Europe added almost one-fifth of the land area of the globe to its overseas colonial possessions but the entire African continent remained under control except Ethiopia, Liberia, and Saguia el-Hamra. Saguia el-Hamra was eventually integrated into Spanish Sahara.