Short answers, pulled from the story.
The word satyagraha emerged from a competition held in the news-sheet Indian Opinion during 1906. Mr. Maganlal Gandhi won the prize with his entry Sadagraha before Mahatma Gandhi changed the spelling to Satyagraha.
Mahatma Gandhi led the famous 1930 Salt March as a notable example of satyagraha in action. The movement became a major tool against British imperialism throughout India between 1917 and 1947.
Gandhi distinguished his concept from passive resistance through letters written to P. Kodanda Rao in September 1935. He argued that the satyagrahis object was to convert not coerce the wrong-doer while eliminating antagonisms without harming them.
James Bevel and Nelson Mandela adopted similar methods during their respective struggles against oppression alongside Martin Luther King Jr. who wrote about Gandhi's influence on developing ideas regarding the American Civil Rights Movement.
Participants had to maintain a living faith in God, lead chaste lives, become habitual khadi weavers, and avoid alcohol or other intoxicants. These requirements created a community bound by shared sacrifice rather than mere political agreement.