Short answers, pulled from the story.
Sarmad Kashani was a Persian-speaking Armenian mystic and poet who lived from around 1590 to 1661. Born into a family of Jewish, Persian-speaking Armenian merchants, he traveled to and made the Indian subcontinent his permanent home during the 17th century.
Sarmad Kashani was born around 1590, either in Armenia or in Kashan. He was put to death by beheading in 1661 in Delhi.
Sarmad Kashani was accused and convicted of atheism and unorthodox religious practice under the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb. He was condemned after refusing, when questioned by the Ulema, to complete the Islamic declaration of faith, saying only "There is no God" without adding "but Allah."
Sarmad Kashani's grave is located near the Jama Masjid in Delhi, India.
Sarmad Kashani's reputation as a poet and mystic led the Mughal crown prince Dara Shikoh to invite him to his father's court, where Dara Shikoh was so impressed that he vowed to become his disciple. That closeness turned dangerous after Dara Shikoh's brother Aurangzeb won the War of Succession and had Sarmad arrested, tried, and beheaded.
Sarmad Kashani was originally Jewish and produced a Persian translation of the Torah. He may have later adopted Islam, though that conversion appears to have been only nominal, and in his own poetry he described himself as belonging to no religion, neither Jewish, nor Muslim, nor Hindu.