Short answers, pulled from the story.
The Basilica of Santa Pudenziana is recognized as the eldest Roman Catholic basilica in Rome, built in the fourth century over a second-century house. It served as the official residence of the Roman Pontiff until 313, when Emperor Constantine the Great offered the Lateran Palace in its place. It is also one of Rome's national churches designated for the Philippines.
Pudentiana and Praxedes were sisters, daughters of the Roman senator Saint Pudens, whom the Apostle Paul mentions in 2 Timothy 4:21. Both are venerated as martyrs. A well just outside the Caetani chapel at the basilica is said to hold the relics of three thousand early martyrs brought and hidden there by the two sisters.
The apse mosaic, dating to around the end of the fourth century, is among the oldest Christian mosaics in Rome. The 19th-century German historian Ferdinand Gregorovius called it the most beautiful mosaic in Rome. It features one of the earliest known images of Christ as a human figure on a throne, and it contains the oldest surviving representations of the symbols of the Four Evangelists.
Christ holds a text reading Dominus conservator ecclesiae Pudentianae, meaning the Lord is the preserver of the church of Pudentiana. He is depicted wearing a golden toga with purple trim, seated on a jewel-encrusted throne in the pose of a classical Roman teacher.
Santa Pudenziana is one of Rome's national churches designated for the Philippines. By pontifical decree, Saint Potenciana is a secondary national patroness of the Filipino people, secondary to the Blessed Virgin Mary, whose higher title was granted by Pope Pius XII on the 12th of September 1942. Since the Jubilee year of 2000, an image of Saint Lawrence Ruiz of Manila has been permanently enshrined in the basilica.
Cardinal Thomas Aquino Manyo Maeda, the Archbishop of Osaka, has held the title since Pope Francis assigned it to him on the 28th of June 2018. The list of Cardinal-Priests of the basilica dates back to Girolamo Masci, who held the title from 1278 to 1281.