Short answers, pulled from the story.
Saint Peter was born Shimon bar Yonah, a Jewish fisherman from Bethsaida, and was one of the Twelve Apostles of Jesus. He was later given the name Cephas by Jesus at Caesarea Philippi, an Aramaic word meaning roughly "rock" or "stone", which became Petros in Greek and Peter in English.
According to early Christian tradition, Peter was crucified in Rome under Emperor Nero, with his head facing downward at his own request, on Vatican Hill. Jerome and Eusebius date his death to AD 67-68, around twenty-five years after his arrival in Rome.
All four canonical gospels record that Peter denied knowing Jesus three times on the night of Jesus's arrest, once when a servant of the high priest recognized him, a second time at the gateway, and a third time when his Galilean accent identified him as a disciple. Jesus had foretold the denials during the Last Supper.
No New Testament text explicitly places Peter in Rome, and Paul's Epistle to the Romans, written around AD 57, greets some fifty people without naming Peter. However, multiple Church Fathers including Irenaeus, Clement of Alexandria, Tertullian, Origen, Lactantius, and Jerome attest to Peter preaching, leading the church, and dying in Rome during Nero's reign.
The Quo Vadis story, sourced from the apocryphal Acts of Peter, describes Peter fleeing Rome to avoid execution and encountering the risen Jesus on the road. When Peter asks "Where are you going, Lord?", Jesus replies he is going to Rome to be crucified again. Peter then turns back and accepts martyrdom. An Annibale Carracci painting commemorates this exchange.
The majority of Saint Peter's remains are preserved in Rome under the high altar of St. Peter's Basilica. In 1968, Pope Paul VI announced that bones found beneath the altar were most likely Peter's relics, following a forensic examination identifying them as those of a first-century male of about 61 years of age. In 2019, Pope Francis transferred nine bone fragments to Orthodox Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew.