Short answers, pulled from the story.
Spanish cavalryman Gabriel Moraga surveyed the valley and named it Río del Santísimo Sacramento in 1808. The name derived from the explorers' declaration that the place resembled the Blessed Sacrament.
John Augustus Sutter arrived at the confluence of the rivers on the 13th of August 1839 holding a Mexican land grant. He established Sutter's Fort as an adobe structure with walls ten feet high and two feet thick.
The Great Flood of 1862 caused the worst flooding in Sacramento's history during January 1862. This disaster forced Governor Leland Stanford to travel to his inauguration in a rowboat due to the inundated streets.
Sacramento holds the largest Fijian American community in the United States according to census data. The city also features Chinese people as its largest Asian ethnic group followed by Filipino, Indian, Vietnamese, Hmong, and Japanese residents.
The California State Legislature moved to Sacramento in 1854 with support from Governor John Bigler. The Sacramento Constitutional Convention of 1879 named the city the permanent state capital after previous capitals included Monterey, San Jose, Vallejo, and Benicia.