Short answers, pulled from the story.
The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers designated the S band as a specific slice of the microwave spectrum in 1965. This range spans from 2 to 4 gigahertz, crossing the conventional boundary between UHF and SHF bands at exactly 3.0 GHz.
The IEEE 802.11b and 802.11g standards rely on this specific frequency to connect devices globally. Smartphones, laptops, printers, and smart TVs link to wireless routers without cables using this unlicensed spectrum.
In May 2009, Inmarsat and Solaris Mobile received a 2×15 MHz portion of the S band from the European Commission. These companies secured rights to provide pan-European mobile services for 18 years starting that year.
Many NASA spacecraft communicate using the S-band often through the Deep Space Network infrastructure. The James Webb Space Telescope launched in 2021 utilizes 2 GHz S-band to enable real time telemetry with 40 kbps data transmission from near the Sun, Earth L2 point back to Earth.
India's regional satellite navigation network broadcasts on 2.483778 to 2.500278 GHz for precise location data. This allocation falls within the broader S band frequencies used for various tracking needs across different regions.