Short answers, pulled from the story.
Russian postmodernism entered the Soviet Union after Stalin's death in 1953. The movement originated in 1958 when a small village outside Moscow named Lianozovo became the birthplace of an art group that challenged state control.
Ilya Kabakov stood at the center of the Russian conceptualist movement during the 1970s alongside Viktor Pivovarov and Eric Bulatov. Vladimir Sorokin, Dmitri Prigov, Lev Rubinstein, Timur Kibirov, Igor Kholin, and Vsevolod Nekrasov also contributed to this underground movement through poetry and visual arts.
Metarealism began as a new wave of unofficial poetry during the 1970s developed by Konstantin Kedrov and Elena Shvarts. This movement used complex metaphors called meta-metaphors to blend philosophical inquiry with poetic form while rejecting direct representation.
The collapse of the Soviet Union created economic and political uncertainty across Russia after 1991 which forced writers and artists to redefine themselves outside the old system. Cultural institutions struggled to adapt to market forces while creators explored themes of memory loss and transformation under these conditions.
International scholars apply the label postmodernism to describe the state of flux and its impact on national identity following the end of the Cold War. Mikhail Epstein published analyses that explored the origins and meaning of this cultural condition while Western critics use the term to highlight philosophical differences between Russian and Western traditions.