Short answers, pulled from the story.
Rulers of Kievan Rus stamped their authority with stylized tridents on seals, coins, and weapons before 1462. These symbols resembled Turco-Mongolian tamgas rather than traditional European coats of arms.
Ivan III of Russia married Sophia Palaiologina in 1472, allowing his dynasty to claim ancestry from the Eastern Roman Empire. His personal seal featured a two-headed eagle borrowed directly from Byzantine tradition which became one of the two main elements in modern Russian state symbolism.
True armorial bearings arrived in Russia during the 17th century after centuries of symbolic precursors. By 1689 legal status existed for arms thanks to nobility reforms enacted that same year.
Artist Yevgeny Ukhnalyov designed the current coat of arms that year. The general chromatic layout matches early-15th-century standards established during Ivan III's reign.
The Soviet Union adopted its national emblem in 1923 after the 1917 revolution. Leaders rejected traditional elements like shields helms crests and mantling found in feudal coats of arms.