Short answers, pulled from the story.
Routledge was founded in 1836 when George Routledge published The Beauties of Gilsland. The company transformed into a commercial powerhouse by launching the Railway Library in 1848 to sell inexpensive portable fiction books to rail travelers.
Sir William Crookes, Arthur Ellis Franklin, and William Swan Sonnenschein led a restructuring that saved Routledge from bankruptcy in 1902. The company subsequently acquired J. C. Nimmo Ltd in 1903 and took over Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner & Co. in 1912.
Taylor & Francis Group acquired Routledge in 1998 for £90 million following a merger with Cinven. Routledge is currently headquartered at the main Taylor & Francis office in Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxfordshire.
Routledge has published works from figures including Adorno, Derrida, Foucault, Freud, Jung, Popper, Sartre, and Wittgenstein. The company also publishes series such as Routledge Classics and Routledge Great Minds featuring these thinkers.
Routledge closed its print encyclopaedia division in 2006 and transitioned works like the Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy to online formats. The company also achieved CarbonNeutral publication certification and launched the Routledge Worlds series as of July 2023.