Short answers, pulled from the story.
Romantic nationalism emerged in the early 19th century as a direct reaction to top-down authority claiming legitimacy from monarchs or gods. This movement sought to redefine political power by grounding it in shared language, race, ethnicity, and local customs rather than Enlightenment rationalism.
The Belgian Revolution of 1830 began after a riot erupted in Brussels in August 1830 following an opera set against foreign oppression. The Greek War of Independence between 1821 and 1830 drew inspiration from Philhellenic views connecting modern Greeks to classical antiquity.
The Brothers Grimm collected fairy tales that they believed expressed the primordial nature of the German people and altered language to remove French influences. Beowulf lay ignored for two centuries before its transcription in 1818 provided Anglo-Saxons with a missing national epic while Francisque Michel transcribed Song of Roland in 1837.
Johann Gottlieb Fichte delivered Addresses to the German Nation in 1808 to shape the character of German nationalism after defeat by Napoleon. These works helped establish a racialized ethnic direction rather than a civic one for future generations.
Adam Mickiewicz developed an idea that Poland was the Messiah of Nations destined to suffer like Jesus to save all people. Dziady depicted Poland as the Christ of Nations in a drama directed against Russian rule during the November Uprising between 1830 and 1831.