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Questions about Roman currency

Short answers, pulled from the story.

When did the Roman Republic introduce coinage?

The Roman Republic introduced coinage in the third century BC. This development occurred later than neighbors such as Mesopotamia and Greece, which had used coinage since the 7th century BC.

What was aes signatum made of and how much did it weigh?

Aes signatum was a large bronze bullion bar made from highly leaded tin bronze. It measured about 10 centimeters and weighed around 3 kilograms.

Who issued coins bearing their own portrait first in Roman history?

Julius Caesar issued coins bearing his own portrait in 44 BC. This marked the third instance in Roman history where a living individual was depicted on currency.

How much silver did the denarius contain when Nero debased it in 64 AD?

Nero reduced the silver content of the denarius to 3.8 grams in 64 AD. The original theoretical weight was approximately 4.5 grams before this reduction.

Which emperor introduced the antoninianus coin in early 215 AD?

Emperor Caracalla introduced the antoninianus coin in early 215 AD. This piece was nominally valued at two denarii but never contained more than 1.6 times the amount of silver found in a standard denarius.

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