Short answers, pulled from the story.
The word revanchism emerged in 1870 from the French word revanche which means revenge. It appeared during a specific moment of national humiliation after Germany took Alsace-Lorraine from France following the Franco-Prussian War.
The Treaty of Versailles of 1919 restored Alsace-Lorraine to France and was signed in the Hall of Mirrors on the anniversary of the German Empire's proclamation. This treaty fulfilled the long-standing goal of French nationalists who sought to reclaim lost lands since 1870.
Argentina considers the British-controlled Falkland Islands part of its Tierra del Fuego Province and added this claim to its constitution in 1994. The country views these islands as historically belonging to them based on past Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata boundaries.
Russia annexed the Crimean peninsula in April 2014 and Western leaders cited this action as evidence of revanchist policy under Vladimir Putin. Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy later approved strategies for de-occupation through Decree No. 117/2021 on the 24th of March 2021.
Hungary remembers the Treaty of Trianon of 1920 as trauma after losing 72% of its land during that agreement. This historical event continues to fuel nationalist rhetoric and diplomatic tensions with neighboring countries.