Russia formally concluded the annexation of Crimea on the 18th of March 2014, when the self-proclaimed Republic of Crimea signed a treaty of accession to the Russian Federation. By the 26th of March 2014, Russia had acquired complete military control of the peninsula.
Did the international community recognize the 2014 Crimean referendum?
No. The United Nations General Assembly voted 100 to 11 on the 27th of March 2014 to declare the referendum invalid and reaffirm Ukraine's territorial integrity. The European Union, Canada, Japan, and the United States condemned the vote as illegal, and most of the international community did not recognize the annexation.
What is the population of the Republic of Crimea?
According to the 2021 Russian census, the Republic of Crimea had a population of 1,934,630. The capital and largest city within its borders is Simferopol, which is the second-largest city on the Crimean Peninsula.
What languages are official in the Republic of Crimea?
Article 10 of the Constitution of the Republic of Crimea establishes Russian, Ukrainian, and Crimean Tatar as the three official languages. In practice, a 2015 Ministry of Education report found that 96.74 percent of school pupils were studying in Russian, while only 0.5 percent were studying in Ukrainian.
What happened to the economy of Crimea after the 2014 annexation?
Inflation in Crimea reached 80 percent by March 2015 according to Russian statistics, and local food prices grew approximately 2.5 times since the annexation. International sanctions forced most foreign businesses to leave, reduced the number of operating banks from 180 to 25 by July 2015, and shrank the peninsula's IT sector to a handful of companies.
What is the Crimean Bridge and why is it significant?
The Crimean Bridge is a multibillion-dollar road-rail fixed link Russia built across the Kerch Strait between 2014 and 2019, connecting the peninsula to the Russian mainland since Crimea has no land border with Russia. Road traffic began using the bridge in 2018, passenger rail in 2019, and freight rail in 2020; in October 2022 the bridge was badly damaged by an explosion.