Short answers, pulled from the story.
Blast furnaces enabled iron to be produced in significant quantities for the first time in the late 14th century. This technology transformed mining and metallurgy across Europe during the Renaissance period.
Johannes Gutenberg created a device capable of producing 3,600 pages per workday around 1450. By the start of the 16th century, printing presses operated in over 200 cities within a dozen European countries.
Agostino Ramelli depicted eighteen different applications in his book The Diverse and Artifactitious Machines published in 1588. Georg Andreas Böckler expanded this number to forty-five by the 17th century in Theatrum Machinarum Novum.
Portuguese explorers Diogo de Azambuja used mariner's astrolabes on sea voyages around Africa starting in 1481. Bartholomew Diaz employed them in 1487 or 1488 while Vasco da Gama utilized these tools between 1497 and 1498.
Francesco di Giorgio Martini created a centrifugal pump prototype in his Trattato di Architectura treatise of 1475. Leonardo da Vinci left voluminous technical drawings reflecting wide variety interests pursued during the Renaissance era.