Short answers, pulled from the story.
Renaissance art emerged in Italy around the year 1400 as a distinct style that transformed European history. This movement grew from social and cultural changes affecting philosophy, literature, music, science, and technology across the continent.
The first truly Renaissance artists emerged in Florence following a competition held in 1401 to sculpt bronze doors for the Baptistery of Florence Cathedral. Seven young sculptors entered including Brunelleschi, Donatello, and winner Lorenzo Ghiberti.
Leonardo da Vinci perfected pictorial aspects like lighting, linear perspective, anatomy, foreshortening, and characterization through lifetime studying natural world observations. His adoption of oil paint allowed depicting light effects more naturally than ever before demonstrated in Mona Lisa completed between 1503 and 1506.
Venice developed its own heritage through the Bellini family, their relative Mantegna, Giorgione, Titian, and Tintoretto. Titian began career with massive altarpiece The Assumption of the Virgin combining human action drama with spectacular color atmosphere continuing painting until near end of seventeenth century.
Pope Julius II commissioned Michelangelo to paint Sistine Chapel ceiling resulting in supreme masterpiece figurative composition affecting every subsequent European generation. Later work The Last Judgement painted altar wall Sistine Chapel between 1534 and 1541 shows elongated bodies characteristic of Mannerist style taking over High Renaissance period between 1520 and 1530.