Short answers, pulled from the story.
The Abrahamic religions include Judaism, Christianity, Islam, the Bahá'í Faith, Yazidism, Druze, Samaritanism, and Rastafari. These traditions share a number of philosophical themes despite expressing them differently in their respective religious texts.
Saint Anselm of Canterbury lived from 1033 to 1109 and formulated an ontological argument in his work Proslogion. His reasoning was based on the idea of God as that than which nothing greater can be conceived.
Thomas Aquinas died in 1274 and incorporated philosophical reasoning into Christian theology using philosophy as a means of addressing questions about the existence of God. In his Summa Theologica, Aquinas presents five arguments for the existence of God commonly referred to as the quinque viae or Five Ways.
Formal rulings supporting organ donation have been issued by Islamic authorities including a 1996 ijtihad by the UK Muslim Law Council and a 1988 ruling by the Islamic Jurisprudence Assembly Council in Saudi Arabia. Similar decisions were made in Egypt, Iran, and Pakistan.
The ethical principle of ahimsa meaning non-injury to living beings is central to Buddhist and Hindu philosophy. This principle emphasizes the sanctity of life and has influenced vegetarian traditions encompassing both human and animal life.